Isaiah Homepage
3. Isaiah Chapters 1-5: The Kingdom of God 4. Isaiah Chapters 6-10: God with us 5. Isaiah Chapters 11-26: The Rod of Jesse 6. Isaiah Chapters 27-32 The Righteous King 7. Isaiah Chapters 33-39 The Righteous King 8. Isaiah Chapters 40-43 The Servant of the Lord 9. Isaiah Chapters 44-45 The Servant of the Lord 10. Isaiah Chapters 46-48 The Redeemer and Savior 11. Isaiah Chapters 49-52: The Suffering Servant
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3. Isaiah Chapters 1 to 5, The Kingdom of God |
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Introduction Isaiah Chapters 1 to 5
The book of Isaiah was written about 700 B.C., seven hundred years before Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem. Isaiah lived in very turbulent and unstable time. Isaiah witnessed the destruction of Israel (the northern 10-tribes), by the might of Assyria in 722 B.C. He saw Assyria lay siege to strong fortified cities of Judah such as Lachish (2 Kings 19:8) as depicted in Assyrian artwork. King Sennecarib of Assyria took over 200,000 Judeans captive to Assyria. The rest of Judah was in hiding or protected by the walls of Jerusalem. By all accounts, Judah had no earthly power to withstand Assyria. Imagine the impeding doom those living in Judah were feeling. Where was their hope, Assyria was unstoppable. Why would God allow these things to happen to the “people of God”? Where was God, why would allow these things to happen? Is there any hope? In the context of the utter despair and hopeless condition God called the Isaiah son of Amos to deliver a message of condemnation for a sinful nation, along with a message of hope for a day of restoration. Their restoration and redemption would take place though the Lord’s Servant, the Messiah. Therefore as we read through Isaiah, it is important to understand the context of events which surround the writer. God uses the events in Isaiah’s day to not only speak to the people 2700-years ago, but the readers of scripture through the coming generations. As we read Isaiah the words apply to us as they did to the people of Judah.
Isaiah Chapter 1: The Problem with Judah and the World
By Isaiah’s day, Israel had fallen away, and Judah was following right behind, both were following after the pagans in the land, the “Eastern ways” (Isaiah 2:6). Isaiah’s message is not only to the people of Judah in the seventh century B.C., but to all people. In chapter one, the dilemma of eternity is put forward. God is not interested in external actions, without internal attitudes. The people of Judah had turned away from the Lord; however they still performed the “religious” ceremonies.
1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
Isaiah is commissioned in the year of the death of Uzziah King of Judah (742 B.C.) (Isaiah 6:1). His commission continues into the reign of Hezekiah (715-687 B.C.)
2 Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth! For the Lord has spoken: "I have
nourished and brought up children, And they have rebelled against Me; 3 The
ox knows its owner And the donkey its master's crib; But Israel does not
know, My people do not consider." 4 Alas, sinful nation, A people laden with
iniquity, A brood of evildoers, Children who are corrupters! They have
forsaken the Lord, They have provoked to anger The Holy One of Israel, They
have turned away backward. The result of turning away This is the condition of the land of Israel to the north, and will be the condition of Judah to the south. People wanted to know, “why is this happening to us?” Isaiah is telling them, along with the remedy to their problem.
7 Your country is desolate, Your cities are burned with fire; Strangers
devour your land in your presence; And it is desolate, as overthrown by
strangers. Invitation to the Kingdom: God wants our heart The Lord was looking sincerity, not an empty religious show. This was the same problem Judah faced in the day of Jesus. The Pharisees and religious leaders were performing, but their heart was not toward the Lord. Their rejection of Messiah was the chief indicator of this (Matthew 15:14). Jesus, like Isaiah presented the two paths, and way of correction. Jesus presented the “Kingdom of God” to Judah (Matthew 5-7), the people had a choice, they could choose the path of redemption or the way of destruction. Isaiah tells the sinful nation, to change their ways, God is willing to forgive, and He wants a righteous people, who demonstrate righteousness through their actions. God is reasonable; He is gracious, only if you will turn from your actions. This is the path to redemption, someone who is willing “to turn” from sin. In the end, everybody needs to make a choice. These are the two paths presented in Isaiah, and in the Gospels, the two roads of eternity. One Road promises “Redemption” and “Salvation”, the Second Road promises “Destruction”. Jesus presented the same message to Judah as Isaiah presents 700-years earlier.
15 When you spread out your hands, I will hide My eyes from you; Even though
you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood.16
"Wash yourselves, make yourselves clean; Put away the evil of your doings
from before My eyes. Cease to do evil, 17 Learn to do good; Seek justice,
Rebuke the oppressor; Defend the fatherless, Plead for the widow. 18 "Come
now, and let us reason together," Says the Lord, "Though your sins are like
scarlet, They shall be as white as snow; Though they are red like crimson,
They shall be as wool. The Promise of Redemption The Lord promises a coming “Redemption” with Zion (Jerusalem) being called the “city of the righteous” the “faithful city”. This is in contrast to the city in the days of Isaiah, a city turned away from the Lord, a city in deception, with a false outward performance. The promise of Redemption began in the Garden of Eden, the city of Jerusalem will be the city of the saved, those who are redeemed. This will be take place in the Messianic Kingdom of God as we shall see in Isaiah chapter 2.
25 I will turn My hand against you, And thoroughly purge away your dross,
And take away all your alloy. 26 I will restore your judges as at the first,
And your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you shall be called
the city of righteousness, the faithful city." 27 Zion shall be
redeemed with justice, And her penitents with righteousness.
Afterward: Following God’s judgment, the city will become “Righteous” because Messiah will reign as king over the earth. This “purging” is the tribulation period, which leads to the repentance of Judah (Israel), who will in the last days turn to their only hope, Jesus Christ. Righteousness: Jerusalem has never been a righteous city, sin has always been present. Only in the days of Messiah can this verse be fulfilled. The two terms of Righteousness and Faithful can only be attained in the days of the Messiah, this is the whole point of Isaiah. Faithful city: Many terms are used to describe Jerusalem, but in the days of Isaiah, they were a wicked and disobedient city. From Isaiah’s time, things only become worse leading to its destruction by Babylon in 586 B.C. Again Jerusalem was destroyed by the armies of Rome in A.D. 70 because of its disobedience, therefore the this is still a future event. The Promise of Judgment
The Second Road of eternity is one of destruction. The Kingdom of God is presented, and people must choose. Isaiah the prophet prepared the way of Messiah; Jesus presented Himself as the way. The two roads are put forward.
28 The destruction of transgressors and of sinners shall be together,
And those who forsake the Lord shall be consumed. 29 For they shall be
ashamed of the terebinth trees Which you have desired; And you shall be
embarrassed because of the gardens Which you have chosen. 30 For you shall
be as a terebinth whose leaf fades, And as a garden that has no water. 31
The strong shall be as tinder, And the work of it as a spark; Both will burn
together, And no one shall quench them.
Destruction of transgressors:
Isaiah looks forward to the Kingdom of God as opposed to those who oppose
the kingdom of God. Those who rebel against God will face eternal
destruction. Together: Both these groups will gathered for eternity, this is how serious eternity really is.
Isaiah Chapter 2: The Kingdom of God
With
the two options presented in Isaiah chapter one, Isaiah pictures the world
of the “Redeemed” in the “latter days”. This same text is presented in In relation to Messiah, its important in understanding the kingdom presented here is the kingdom of Christ. What is the path to this kingdom? How do we arrive at this kingdom Isaiah refers to? First, how do we know this is the Kingdom of God in Isaiah chapter 2? We look at the literal description and ask what does this apply to, what are the characteristics of this description?
Isaiah 2
1 The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.
2 Now it shall come to pass in the latter days That the mountain
of the Lord's house Shall be established on the top of the
mountains, And shall be exalted above the hills; And all nations shall flow
to it. 3 Many people shall come and say, "Come, and let us go up to the
mountain of the Lord, To the house of the God of Jacob; He will teach
us His ways, And we shall walk in His paths." For out of Zion shall go
forth the law, And the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. 4 He
shall judge between the nations, And rebuke many people; They shall beat
their swords into plowshares, And their spears into pruning hooks;
Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, Neither shall they learn war
anymore. . 5 O house of Jacob, come and let us walk In the light of
the Lord.
The description here is the result of the “Second Coming” of the Messiah, when the Messiah comes in “Glory” and great power to judge the nations and establish His Kingdom. Isaiah next describes how we get to the Kingdom of God. The “Day of the Lord” precedes this kingdom, in verse 4, we are told the progression of events. First, the Lord judges between the nations. Second He rebukes many people, thirdly, they beat their swords into plowshares...and finally, they don’t learn war anymore.
The description here is the result of the “Second Coming” of the Messiah, when the Messiah comes in “Glory” and great power to judge the nations and establish His Kingdom. Isaiah next describes how we get to the Kingdom of God. The “Day of the Lord” precedes this kingdom, in verse 4, we are told the progression of events. First, the Lord judges between the nations. Second He rebukes many people, thirdly, they beat their swords into plowshares...and finally, they don’t learn war anymore.
The Day of the Lord
The term “Day of the Lord” is used 25 times in the Old Testament, in almost
every instance it refers to the day of wrath, when God will deal with the
nations in judgment. Here Isaiah sees this period as the transition to the
Kingdom of God mentioned in verses In this section of scripture “In that day” is referred to 7-times. Israel is seen as the people of the Lord gone astray, following after the “eastern ways” the ways of the nations (the gentiles). This period is one when the nations see the “Glory of the His Majesty”, when man is humbled and judged. Here is the picture of 2nd Coming, when Messiah returns with glory and great power to establish the eternal kingdom. Isaiah wrote 700-years before the “First Coming” yet he pictures here the “Second Coming” when the Lord comes in Glory and power. The sins of Israel and the sins of the nations is the subject of God’s wrath.
6 For You have forsaken Your people, the house of Jacob, Because they are
filled with eastern ways; They are soothsayers like the Philistines,
And they are pleased with the children of foreigners. 7 Their land is also
full of silver and gold, And there is no end to their treasures; Their land
is also full of horses, And there is no end to their chariots. 8 Their land
is also full of idols; They worship the work of their own hands, That which
their own fingers have made. 9 People bow down, And each man humbles
himself; Therefore do not forgive them. The Glory of His Majesty and the Earth
On the day of the Lord, the world will witness the “Glory of the Lord” and be terrified as God deals with the world in judgment. Man’s pride and glory will be contrasted to the Lord’s glory. Notice in verse 21 and 22 man is climbing into the rocks to hide from the presence of the Lord. John in the book of Revelation refers to this same event.
15
And the kings of the earth, the great men, the rich men, the commanders, the
mighty men, every slave and every free man, hid themselves in the caves and
in the rocks of the mountains, 16 and said to the mountains and rocks, "Fall
on us and hide us from the face of Him who sits on the throne and from the
wrath of the Lamb! 17 "For the great day of His wrath has come, and who is
able to stand?"
10 Enter into the rock, and hide in the dust, From the terror of the Lord
And the glory of His majesty. 11 The lofty looks of man shall be
humbled, The haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, And the Lord alone
shall be exalted in that day. 12 For the day of the Lord of
hosts Shall come upon everything proud and lofty, Upon everything lifted
up-And it shall be brought low 13 Upon all the cedars of Lebanon that are
high and lifted up, And upon all the oaks of Bashan; 14 Upon all the high
mountains, And upon all the hills that are lifted up; 15 Upon every high
tower, And upon every fortified wall; 16 Upon all the ships of Tarshish, And
upon all the beautiful sloops. 17 The loftiness of man shall be bowed down,
And the haughtiness of men shall be brought low; The Lord alone will
be exalted in that day, 18 But the idols He shall utterly abolish. 19
They shall go into the holes of the rocks, And into the caves of the earth,
From the terror of the Lord And the glory of His majesty, When He
arises to shake the earth mightily. 20 In that day a man will cast
away his idols of silver And his idols of gold, Which they made, each for
himself to worship, To the moles and bats, 21 To go into the clefts of the
rocks, And into the crags of the rugged rocks, From the terror of the Lord
And the glory of His majesty, When He arises to shake the earth
mightily. 22 Sever yourselves from such a man, Whose breath is in his
nostrils; For of what account is he? .
Isaiah Chapter 3: Jerusalem and Judah on the Day of the Lord Jerusalem is the city of God, chosen as the place of His Temple. The descendents of Jacob are God’s chosen people, who are in rebellion against their God. How does this sinful nation, return to the Lord? In chapter 3, we see God’s judgment of Judah and Jerusalem “In that day”. Jerusalem will be humbled as the Lord corrects His people, to turn them from their sin. This humbling of Jerusalem occurs three times, with the final time at the Second Coming, when the “Glory of His majesty” is revealed. The other two times are at the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C, and in 70 A.D., after Israel rejected and killed the Lord as Isaiah foretold (Isaiah 53).
1 For behold, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, Takes away from Jerusalem and
from Judah The stock and the store, The whole supply of bread and the
whole supply of water; 2 The mighty man and the man of war, The judge and
the prophet, And the diviner and the elder; 3 The captain of fifty and the
honorable man, The counselor and the skillful artisan, And the expert
enchanter. 4 "I will give children to be their princes, And babes shall rule
over them. 5 The people will be oppressed, Every one by another and every
one by his neighbor; The child will be insolent toward the elder, And the
base toward the honorable." 6 When a man takes hold of his brother In the
house of his father, saying, "You have clothing; You be our ruler, And let
these ruins be under your power," 7 In that day he will protest,
saying, "I cannot cure your ills, For in my house is neither food nor
clothing; Do not make me a ruler of the people." 8 For Jerusalem stumbled,
And Judah is fallen, Because their tongue and their doings Are against the
Lord, To provoke the eyes of His glory. 9 The look on their countenance
witnesses against them, And they declare their sin as Sodom; They do not
hide it. Woe to their soul! For they have brought evil upon themselves. 10
"Say to the righteous that it shall be well with them, For they shall eat
the fruit of their doings. 11 Woe to the wicked! It shall be ill with him,
For the reward of his hands shall be given him. 12 As for My people,
children are their oppressors, And women rule over them. O My people! Those
who lead you cause you to err, And destroy the way of your paths." 13 The
Lord stands up to plead, And stands to judge the people. 14 The Lord will
enter into judgment With the elders of His people And His princes: "For you
have eaten up the vineyard; The plunder of the poor is in your houses. 15
What do you mean by crushing My people And grinding the faces of the poor?"
Says the Lord God of hosts.
The Daughters of Zion
16 Moreover the Lord says: "Because the daughters of Zion are haughty,
And walk with outstretched necks And wanton eyes, Walking and mincing as
they go, Making a jingling with their feet, 17 Therefore the Lord will
strike with a scab The crown of the head of the daughters of Zion, And the
Lord will uncover their secret parts." 18 In that day the Lord will
take away the finery: The jingling anklets, the scarves, and the crescents;
19 The pendants, the bracelets, and the veils; 20 The headdresses, the leg
ornaments, and the headbands; The perfume boxes, the charms, 21 and the
rings; The nose jewels, 22 the festal apparel, and the mantles; The outer
garments, the purses, 23 and the mirrors; The fine linen, the turbans, and
the robes. 24 And so it shall be: Instead of a sweet smell there will be a
stench; Instead of a sash, a rope; Instead of well-set hair, baldness;
Instead of a rich robe, a girding of sackcloth; And branding instead of
beauty. 25 Your men shall fall by the sword, And your mighty in the war. 26
Her gates shall lament and mourn, And she being desolate shall sit on the
ground.
1 And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, "We will
eat our own food and wear our own apparel; Only let us be called by your
name, To take away our reproach." Isaiah Chapter 4: The coming of the Branch
So where does all this lead? Isaiah first gives us the picture of the redemption to come in the city of God, when the nations are at peace after they are judged. He then tells us the about the time they are judged, “The day of the Lord”. He explains the circumstances in that day, he then concludes with the revelation of the “Branch of the Lord”. The Hebrew word for Branch is xmc Tsemach, meaning to sprout. The Branch is in reference to the line of King David, a “Branch” of his family line, the Messiah. Who will rule over the nations. Jeremiah, Zechariah both call the Messiah the Branch. Jeremiah writes;
15 'In those days and at that time I will cause to grow up to David A Branch
of righteousness; He shall execute judgment and righteousness in the earth.
16 In those days Judah will be saved, And Jerusalem will dwell safely. And
this is the name by which she will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.'
12 "Then speak to him, saying, 'Thus says the Lord of hosts, saying:
"Behold, the Man whose name is the BRANCH! From His place He shall branch
out, And He shall build the temple of the Lord; 13 Yes, He shall build the
temple of the Lord. He shall bear the glory, And shall sit and rule on His
throne; So He shall be a priest on His throne, And the counsel of peace
shall be between them both." '
2 In that day the Branch of the Lord shall be beautiful and glorious;
And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and appealing For those of
Israel who have escaped. 3 And it shall come to pass that he who is left in
Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy-everyone who is recorded
among the living in Jerusalem. 4 When the Lord has washed away the filth of
the daughters of Zion, and purged the blood of Jerusalem from her midst, by
the spirit of judgment and by the spirit of burning, 5 then the Lord will
create above every dwelling place of Mount Zion, and above her assemblies, a
cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night. For over
all the glory there will be a covering. 6 And there will be a tabernacle for
shade in the daytime from the heat, for a place of refuge, and for a shelter
from storm and rain. Isaiah Chapter 5: The Vineyard of the Lord
The Day of the Lord
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